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게터</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/vuex-in-components.html" class="sidebar-link">컴포넌트 내에 있는 Vuex - $state와 게터</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/vuex-in-components-mutations-and-actions.html" class="sidebar-link">컴포넌트 내에 있는 Vuex - 뮤테이션과 액션</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/vue-router.html" class="sidebar-link">Vue 라우터</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/composition-api.html" class="sidebar-link">컴포지션 API</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html" class="sidebar-link">보일러플레이트 줄이기</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/ko/jest-mocking-modules.html" class="sidebar-link">Jest - 모듈 모킹하기</a></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h2 id="액션-테스트하기"><a href="#액션-테스트하기" class="header-anchor">#</a> 액션 테스트하기</h2> <p>액션(actions)을 독립적으로 테스트 하는 일은 매우 간단합니다. 뮤테이션(mutations)을 독립적으로 테스트 하는 방법과 비슷합니다. 뮤테이션 테스트에 대해 좀 더 자세히 알기를 원한다면 <a href="https://lmiller1990.github.io/vue-testing-handbook/vuex-mutations.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">여기<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>에서 보세요. 컴포넌트의 맥락에서 액션을 올바르게 디스패치(dispatch) 하는 테스트 작업은 <a href="https://lmiller1990.github.io/vue-testing-handbook/vuex-in-components-mutations-and-actions.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">여기<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>에서 다룹니다.</p> <p>이 페이지에서 설명한 테스트의 소스 코드는 <a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/tree/master/demo-app/tests/unit/actions.spec.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">여기<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>에서 찾을 수 있습니다.</p> <h2 id="액션-생성하기"><a href="#액션-생성하기" class="header-anchor">#</a> 액션 생성하기</h2> <p>일반적인 Vuex 패턴을 따르는 액션을 작성해 보겠습니다.</p> <ol><li>API에 비동기 호출 하기</li> <li>데이터에 약간의 처리과정 거치기 (선택)</li> <li>페이로드의 결과로 뮤테이션 커밋하기</li></ol> <p>username과 password를 외부 API에 보내서 일치하는지 확인하는 <code>authenticate</code> 액션이 있습니다. 그런 다음 결과를 페이로드(payload)로 보내고 <code>SET_AUTHENTICATED</code> 뮤테이션을 커밋(commit)해서 상태(state)를 업데이트 하는데 사용합니다.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> axios <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">&quot;axios&quot;</span>

<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token function">authenticate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> username<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> authenticated <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;/api/authenticate&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      username<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SET_AUTHENTICATED&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authenticated<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>위의 액션 테스트는 아래의 내용을 어설트(assert) 해야 합니다.</p> <ol><li>사용한 API의 엔드포인트가 정확했는지?</li> <li>페이로드가 정확한지?</li> <li>결과적으로 올바른 뮤테이션을 커밋했는지</li></ol> <p>더 나아가서 테스트를 작성하고, 실패 메세지가 우리를 이끌어주도록 하겠습니다.</p> <h2 id="테스트-작성하기"><a href="#테스트-작성하기" class="header-anchor">#</a> 테스트 작성하기</h2> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">describe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;authenticate&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;인증된 유저&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> commit <span class="token operator">=</span> jest<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> username <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;alice&quot;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> password <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;password&quot;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">await</span> actions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">authenticate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> username<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;/api/authenticate&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>body<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toEqual</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> username<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toHaveBeenCalledWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
      <span class="token string">&quot;SET_AUTHENTICATED&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p><code>axios</code>가 비동기이기 때문에, Jest가 테스트가 끝날 때까지 기다리는지 확인하기 위해서, 테스트 앞에는 <code>async</code>를, <code>actions.authenticate</code> 호출부에는 <code>await</code>을 선언해야 합니다. 그렇지 않으면 테스트는 <code>expect</code> 어설션 전에 끝나고, 에버그린(evergreen) 테스트를 가지게 될 것입니다. (절대 실패할 수 없는 테스트를 의미합니다)</p> <p>위 테스트를 실행시켜보면, 아래와 같은 실패 메세지를 받게 됩니다.</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code> FAIL  tests/unit/actions.spec.js
  ● authenticate › authenticated a user

    SyntaxError: The string did not match the expected pattern.

      at XMLHttpRequest.open (node_modules/jsdom/lib/jsdom/living/xmlhttprequest.js:482:15)
      at dispatchXhrRequest (node_modules/axios/lib/adapters/xhr.js:45:13)
      at xhrAdapter (node_modules/axios/lib/adapters/xhr.js:12:10)
      at dispatchRequest (node_modules/axios/lib/core/dispatchRequest.js:59:10)
</code></pre></div><p>이 에러는 <code>axios</code> 내에 어디서든지 나오게됩니다. <code>/api...</code>에 요청을 하고 있고, 테스트 환경에서 실행할 뿐만 아니라, 요청이나 에러를 발생시키는 서버도 없기 때문입니다. <code>url</code>이나 <code>body</code>도 정의되지 않았습니다. (<code>axios</code> 에러를 resolve 하는 동안에 url이나 body를 정의하는 일을 하겠습니다)</p> <p>Jest를 사용하고 있기 때문에, <code>jest.mock</code>을 사용해서 API 호출을 쉽게 mock 할 수 있습니다. 진짜 axios 대신에 mock <code>axios</code>를 사용하겠습니다. mock axios는 좀더 API의 동작을 통제할 수 있도록 해줄 것입니다. Jest는 <a href="https://jestjs.io/docs/en/es6-class-mocks" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ES6 Class Mocks<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>을 제공하는데, <code>axios</code>를 모킹(mocking) 하는데 완벽히 최적화 돼있습니다.</p> <p><code>axios</code> mock은 아래와 같은 모습입니다.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">''</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> body <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>

jest<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mock</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;axios&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function-variable function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _body</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      url <span class="token operator">=</span> _url
      body <span class="token operator">=</span> _body
      <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>변수에 <code>url</code>과 <code>body</code>를 저장하고 올바른 엔드포인트가 올바른 페이로드를 받고있는지 어설트 할 수 있습니다. 실제로 진짜 엔드포인트를 건드리기를 원하지는 않기 때문에, promise를 즉시 resolve 하고 성공적인 API 호출을 시연 할 수 있습니다.</p> <p><code>yarn unit:pass</code>는 이제 통과하는 테스트를 산출합니다!</p> <h2 id="api-에러-테스트하기"><a href="#api-에러-테스트하기" class="header-anchor">#</a> API 에러 테스트하기</h2> <p>여태까지는 API 호출이 성공한 경우만 테스트 했습니다. 가능한 모든 결과를 테스트 하는 일은 중요합니다. 에러가 일어나는 경우의 테스트를 작성해보겠습니다. 이번에는 테스트를 먼저 작성하고나서 시행하겠습니다.</p> <p>테스트는 아래와 같은 모습으로 작성할 수 있습니다.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;에러를 캐치한다&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  mockError <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>

  <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>actions<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">authenticate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit<span class="token punctuation">:</span> jest<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">.</span>rejects<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toThrow</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;API 에러가 발생했다&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>강제로 <code>axios</code> mock이 에러를 던지도록 하는 방법을 찾아야 합니다. <code>mockError</code> 변수가 적격입니다. <code>axios</code> mock을 아래와 같이 업데이트하겠습니다.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">''</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> body <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> mockError <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>

jest<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mock</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;axios&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function-variable function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> _body</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>mockError<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
        <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token function">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

      url <span class="token operator">=</span> _url
      body <span class="token operator">=</span> _body
      <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Jest는 변수의 이름이 <code>mock</code>에 붙는 경우만, ES6 클래스(class) mock에서 스코프 밖의 변수에 접근하는 것을 허락합니다. 이제 간단하게 <code>mockError = true</code>로 바꿀 수 있고, <code>axios</code>는 에러를 던질 것입니다.</p> <p>이 테스트를 실행하면 아래와 같은 실패하는 에러를 줍니다.</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>FAIL  tests/unit/actions.spec.js
● authenticate › catchs an error

  expect(function).toThrow(string)

  Expected the function to throw an error matching:
    &quot;API Error occurred.&quot;
  Instead, it threw:
    Mock error
</code></pre></div><p>성공적으로 에러를 잡았습니다만... 예상한 결과가 아닙니다. 테스트에서 예상되는 에러를 던지도록 하기 위해 <code>authenticate</code>를 업데이트 하겠습니다.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token function">authenticate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> username<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">const</span> authenticated <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">post</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;/api/authenticate&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        username<span class="token punctuation">,</span> password
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

      <span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;SET_AUTHENTICATED&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> authenticated<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token function">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;API Error occurred.&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>이제 테스트가 통과합니다.</p> <h2 id="개선사항"><a href="#개선사항" class="header-anchor">#</a> 개선사항</h2> <p>이제 액션을 어떻게 독립적으로 테스트 하는지 알게 되었습니다. 적어도 한 가지 잠재적으로 개선할 수 있는 부분이 남아있는데, <code>axios</code> mock을 <a href="https://jestjs.io/docs/en/manual-mocks" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">manual mock<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>으로 구현하는 것입니다. 여기에는 <code>node_modules</code>와 동일한 수준에서 <code>__mocks__</code> 디렉토리를 생성하고 그 곳에서 mock 모듈을 구현하는 작업이 포함됩니다. 이렇게 하면 여러분은 mock 구현체를 테스트 전역에서 공유할 수 있습니다. Jest는 자동으로 <code>__mocks__</code> mock 구현체를 사용할 것입니다. Jest 웹사이트와 인터넷에 구현 방법에 대한 많은 예제가 있습니다. manual mock을 사용하도록 이 테스트를 리팩토링 하는 것이 독자 여러분에게 남겨진 과제입니다.</p> <h2 id="결론"><a href="#결론" class="header-anchor">#</a> 결론</h2> <p>이 가이드는 아래의 내용을 다뤘습니다.</p> <ul><li>Jest ES6 class mocks 사용</li> <li>액션의 성공 사례와 실패 사례 테스트</li></ul> <p>이 페이지에서 설명한 테스트의 소스 코드는 <a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/tree/master/demo-app/tests/unit/actions.spec.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">여기<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>에서 찾을 수 있습니다.</p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/edit/master/ko/vuex-actions.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Github에서 이 페이지 수정하기</a> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">마지막 업데이트:</span> <span class="time">2020. 1. 27. 오후 6:02:09</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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